Boil and Prepare the Pasta: Fill a large pot with water, add a generous amount of salt, and bring it to a rolling boil. Cook the pasta until al dente, according to the package directions. Before draining, scoop out about 1 cup of the starchy cooking water and set it aside. Drain the pasta and set it aside.
Sauté Shallots and Garlic: While the pasta cooks, heat the olive oil in a large skillet over medium heat. Add the sliced shallots and cook, stirring often, for about 1 minute, just until softened and fragrant. Stir in the minced garlic and red pepper flakes, cooking for another 30 seconds until aromatic.
Cook the Shrimp: Add the shrimp to the skillet along with ¼ teaspoon of salt and a few twists of black pepper. Sauté for 2 to 3 minutes, stirring occasionally, until the shrimp are pink and opaque. Remove them from the pan and transfer to a clean plate—don’t worry, they’ll go back in later.
Deglaze and Build the Sauce: Pour the white wine into the same skillet, scraping up any flavorful bits stuck to the bottom. Let it simmer for 3 to 4 minutes, or until the liquid reduces by half. Stir in the butter, lemon juice, lemon zest, ½ cup of the reserved pasta water, and another ½ teaspoon of salt. Stir gently until the butter is fully melted and emulsified into a smooth sauce.
Combine Pasta and Shrimp: Return the cooked pasta to the skillet and toss it in the sauce until evenly coated and warmed through. If it looks too dry, add a bit more reserved pasta water, a splash at a time. Add the shrimp and any juices that have collected on the plate. Toss everything gently to combine.
Finish and Serve: Sprinkle in the chopped parsley and give everything a final toss. Taste and adjust seasoning if needed. Serve immediately, garnished with fresh lemon wedges for extra brightness.