Combine Dry Ingredients: In a large mixing bowl, whisk together the bread flour, instant yeast, and kosher salt until evenly blended.
Add Warm Water and Mix: Pour the warm water into the dry ingredients. Using a rubber spatula, stir vigorously until the mixture forms a sticky, shaggy dough with no visible dry flour. The dough will be too sticky to knead but thicker than a batter.
First Rise: Cover the bowl tightly with plastic wrap. Place it in a warm, draft-free area and let the dough rise for 2 to 3 hours, or until it doubles in size and the surface appears bubbly. You should notice the dough jiggle slightly when you gently shake the bowl.
Prepare for Baking: About 30 minutes before the dough is ready, preheat your oven to 450°F (230°C) with a heavy lidded pot (Dutch oven) inside. This will ensure the pot is hot and ready for baking.
Shape the Dough and Add Cheese: Lightly dust your work surface with 1 tablespoon of flour. Turn the dough out onto the surface and gently pat it into a roughly 8-inch (20 cm) round. Reserve about one-third of the shredded cheese for topping. Sprinkle half of the remaining cheese evenly over the dough surface.
Fold and Layer Cheese: Using a dough scraper or similar tool, fold the dough edges toward the center four times, each time layering with a portion of the remaining cheese between folds. The final fold should leave the cheese mostly enclosed, with the last layer cheese-free to act as the bread’s base.
Transfer to Parchment Paper: Flip the folded dough onto a sheet of parchment paper, seam-side down. Adjust the shape slightly if needed. Then sprinkle the reserved cheese generously on top.
Bake Covered: Carefully remove the hot pot from the oven. Lift the parchment paper with the dough and place it inside the pot. Cover with the lid and bake for 35 minutes.
Bake Uncovered for Browning: Remove the lid and continue baking the bread for another 10 minutes to develop a deep golden crust.
Cool Before Slicing: Using the parchment paper, transfer the bread to a cooling rack. Let it rest for at least 10 minutes to finish cooking and set the crumb before slicing.